TED 테드로 영어공부 하기 The benefits of a bilingual brain by Mia Nacamulli

안녕하세요, Davey 입니다. 오늘은, Bilingual Brain에 대한 TED ED에서, 공유한 Speech를 공유 하려고 합니다. 처음에는, 먼가 Narration으로 해서 그런가, 그냥 Speaker들이 직접 무대에서 하는 내용보다는, 좀 빠르게 애기하는 느낌이 있었습니다. 

 

The benefits of bilingual brain Speech 접속 Link는 아래와 같습니다. 

 

 

https://www.ted.com/talks/mia_nacamulli_the_benefits_of_a_bilingual_brain

The benefits of a bilingual brain

일단, Speech 길이는, 4분 49초라서, 초반의 Intro를 제하면, 대충 4분 40초라고 생각하시면 됩니다. Print out해서 보니까, Script양은, 양면으로 A4 한장정도 입니다. (Font 크기는 11 입니다.)

 

내용은 간단히 설명해 드리면, 서문에, 영어를 알면서, 초반에 말한 외국어 인사를 알아들으면, 2개 국어 가능자이자, 2개 국어 이상 가능자에 해당할 가능성이 있다는 것으로 시작합니다. 

 

Bilingual에 대해서는, 3가지 Type이 있는데, Compound, Coordinate, Subordinate 입니다. 

- Compound : 한가지 Concept으로 2개국어를 배우는 것

- Coordinate : 두가지 Concept으로 2개국어를 배우는 것 (하나는 Native로, 하나는, 학교에서, 학습으로)

- Subordinate : 한가지 Concept (Native 언어의 Concept)으로, 다른언어를 제 2외국어로 배우는 것

 

이중에서, 아이들처럼, Flexible하게 두뇌를 이용하게 되면, 더 외국어를 잘 습득할 수 있다고 합니다. 하지만, 어른이 되어서는, 그 능력이 약간은 떨어진다고 하네요. 하지만, 어른 시절에 외국어를 배우더라도, 외국어를 사용함으로서, 문제를 직면했을 때, 더 합리적으로 생각하게 된다는게 학회 연구 결과 입니다. 

 

즉, 상대적으로, 어릴 때 언어를 배우는게 좋지만, 어른에 되어서도 배우게 되면 여러모로 도움이 된다는 거죠. 

(우리 두뇌의 신경과 신경을 이어주는 역할을 하는 synapes를 가지고 있는 뇌의 회백질의 밀도가 더 커진다도 하네요.)

 

저는 약간, 과학적인 단어 때문에, 좀 단어를 많이 찾긴 했지만, 실제적으로 Shadowing을 해보니, 그렇게 빠른 속도는 아니라는걸 알게 되었습니다. 한 번 해보세요. 가능합니다. 아래 script는 TED 홈페이지 해당 speech의 Transcript 내용 참조하였습니다.

 

- The benefits of a bilingual brain Script & Words

 

 

TED 영상 사진 참조

 

¿Hablas español? Parlez-vous français? 你会说中文吗？ If you answered, "sí," "oui," or "会" and you're watching this in English, chances are you belong to the world's bilingual and multilingual majority. And besides having an easier time traveling or watching movies without subtitles, knowing two or more languages means that your brain may actually look and work differently than those of your monolingual friends. So what does it really mean to know a language? Language ability is typically measured in two active parts, speaking and writing, and two passive parts, listening and reading. While a balanced bilingual has near equal abilities across the board in two languages, most bilinguals around the world know and use their languages in varying proportions. And depending on their situation and how they acquired each language, they can be classified into three general types. For example, let's take Gabriella, whose family immigrates to the US from Peru when she's two-years old.

 

monolingual : 단일 언어의

across the board : 전반에 걸쳐서

in varying proportions : 다양한 비율

 

As a compound bilingual, Gabriella develops two linguistic codes simultaneously, with a single set of concepts, learning both English and Spanish as she begins to process the world around her. Her teenage brother, on the other hand, might be a coordinate bilingual, working with two sets of concepts, learning English in school, while continuing to speak Spanish at home and with friends. Finally, Gabriella's parents are likely to be subordinate bilinguals who learn a secondary language by filtering it through their primary language. Because all types of bilingual people can become fully proficient in a language regardless of accent or pronunciation, the difference may not be apparent to a casual observer. But recent advances in brain imaging technology have given neurolinguists a glimpse into how specific aspects of language learning affect the bilingual brain. It's well known that the brain's left hemisphere is more dominant and analytical in logical processes, while the right hemisphere is more active in emotional and social ones, though this is a matter of degree, not an absolute split. The fact that language involves both types of functions while lateralization develops gradually with age, has lead to the critical period hypothesis.

 

subordinate : 하위

a glimpse : (무엇을 이해하는 데 도움이 되는) 짧은 경험[접촉]

hemisphere : 뇌

dominant : 우세한, 주도적인

analytical : 분석적인

lateralization : 치우침

hypothesis : 가설, 추측

 

According to this theory, children learn languages more easily because the plasticity of their developing brains lets them use both hemispheres in language acquisition, while in most adults, language is lateralized to one hemisphere, usually the left. If this is true, learning a language in childhood may give you a more holistic grasp of its social and emotional contexts. Conversely, recent research showed that people who learned a second language in adulthood exhibit less emotional bias and a more rational approach when confronting problems in the second language than in their native one. But regardless of when you acquire additional languages, being multilingual gives your brain some remarkable advantages. Some of these are even visible, such as higher density of the grey matter  that contains most of your brain's neurons and synapses, and more activity in certain regions when engaging a second language.

 

plasticity : 유연성

grey matter : 회백질

synapses : 신경을 연결하는 조직

 

 

The heightened workout a bilingual brain receives throughout its life can also help delay the onset of diseases, like Alzheimer's and dementia by as much as five years. The idea of major cognitive benefits to bilingualism may seem intuitive now, but it would have surprised earlier experts. Before the 1960s, bilingualism was considered a handicap that slowed a child's development by forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages, a view based largely on flawed studies. And while a more recent study did show that reaction times and errors increase for some bilingual students in cross-language tests, it also showed that the effort and attention needed to switch between languages triggered more activity in, and potentially strengthened, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.

 

heightened : 강화된

onset of disease : 병의 시작

dementia : 치매

intuitive : 이해가 쉬운 (직감에 의한)

dorsolateral : 배면의

prefrontal cortex : 전두엽의 대뇌피질

 

This is the part of the brain that plays a large role in executive function, problem solving, switching between tasks, and focusing while filtering out irrelevant information. So, while bilingualism may not necessarily make you smarter, it does make your brain more healthy, complex and actively engaged, and even if you didn't have the good fortune of learning a second language as a child, it's never too late to do yourself a favor and make the linguistic leap from, "Hello," to, "Hola," "Bonjour" or "你好’s" because when it comes to our brains a little exercise can go a long way. 

 

do yourself a favor : 스스로를 위해 힘쓰다

linguistic leap : 언어적 도약

go a long way : 오래 가다

 

 

이번 Speech는 양에 비해서, 헷갈리는 단어가 많아서, 많이 찾게 되었습니다. 반성하는 계기가 되네요. 

 

저도 더 열심히 노력하겠습니다. 

 

감사합니다.

 

제 Posting이 조금이나마 정보 전달에 도움이 되셨길 빌며, 되셨다면, 구독, 댓글, 공감 3종 세트 부탁 드립니다. 감사합니다.

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